Here are detailed notes on the topic "Matter in Our Surroundings" from Class 9 Science: Introduction to Matter Definition of Matter: Anything that occupies space and has mass is called matter. States of Matter: Matter exists in three main states - solid, liquid, and gas - based on the arrangement and movement of particles. Characteristics of States of Matter Solid: Shape: Definite shape and volume. Particle Arrangement: Particles are closely packed in a regular pattern. Movement: Vibrational motion around fixed positions. Examples: Wood, iron, ice. Liquid: Shape: Indefinite shape, definite volume. Particle Arrangement: Particles are close but can move past each other. Movement: Particles move with random motion. Examples: Water, milk, oil. Gas: Shape: Indefinite shape and volume. Particle Arrangement: Particles are far apart and move freely. Movement: Random and rapid motion. Examples: Air, helium, oxygen. Changes of State Melting: Solid to liquid (Endothermic...
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